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Metals. This is a huge topic and this is a just a brief overview. This is just some basic information a typical spear-o might be interesting in concerning metals. This should help you make better choices in the various products you buy or decide to buy yourself.
Phase Diagrams & Crystal Structure
MICROSCOPIC View of Cutting Metal
I will just scratch the surface on this topic. If there is a more specific topic you are interested in let me know and I will add a new category or expand on an existing topic.
Phase Diagrams and Crystal Structure
How the molecules are crystalized is important to quality and types of metal. The placement of molecules and different types in the structure are next to think about. This is the types of information used to design materials and how to use these materials in a design.
Stress Strain curves is used to evaluate a particular metal and to compare different metals. Here are a few general graphs to look at.
A spearo holding a gun shaft can bend it some and then let it go and it goes back to the existing position. The gun shaft was in the Elastic region and no damage to the gunshaft. If this Diver tried to bend it to far, he would take the material into the Plastic region and it wil be damaged. The shaft would be bend.
We want to use our gun shafts and polespears in the elastic region ONLY.
Video shows a pull tensile test. A little long but good info.
Not going to define terms like Stress and Strain. Do a little research and you can find lots of information.
Carbon Steel
Some Charts Courtesy of the Alpha Knife Supply. They have a wealth of information worth looking at along with many products for sale.
The Addition of Carbon to Iron to produce Steel was an amazing advancement in metals.
Stainless Steel
Stainless Steel is not Stain-FREE steel. If you weld stainless for example, the welds are likely to show a little rust. The welding / heat process will change the molecular structure.
Aluminum
pending
Heat Treating Processes
Here is a color chart to estimate temperature of the metal based on Color. Blacksmiths and knife makers has an eye for this as they heat a blade in a forge.
more pending
Miscroscopic View of making chips
This is a good video to see what is the metal chip being removed from the metal part. The cutting tool is harder than the material being cut.
The material being cut, the cutter material and geometry of the cutter among other factors are important.
pending
+VLFBERH+T
About an hour long but, worth the time to understand metallurgy and an amazing sword for it's time.